Details of the consultation

“Hemorrhoids are extremely common” – despite its high prevalence, many patients endure the condition in silence and hesitate to seek medical care, considering it a sensitive issue. However, delaying medical consultation may lead to misdiagnosis or disease progression, making treatment more difficult and costly. Gaining a proper understanding of hemorrhoids enables patients to seek timely and appropriate treatment. Below is detailed information about this condition.

What are hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are not merely a venous disorder. They involve an entire vascular system consisting of arterioles, venules, arteriovenous connections, smooth muscle, and connective tissue lined by the normal epithelium of the anal canal. The venous plexus located in the submucosal layer is supported by an elastic fibrous framework.

Frequent increases in pressure, such as chronic constipation, excessive straining during bowel movements, and local circulatory congestion, can cause the venous plexus to dilate and form hemorrhoidal cushions within the anal canal. In addition, as people age, the supporting connective tissue structures gradually weaken, leading to prolapse of the hemorrhoidal cushions outside the anal opening, resulting in internal prolapsed hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids can affect both men and women, most commonly between the ages of 30 and 60. Statistics show that one in two people over the age of 50 will experience hemorrhoids at least once in their lifetime.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

Signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids may include:

• Rectal bleeding: this is the most common and earliest symptom. At first, patients may notice small amounts of bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. As the disease progresses, bleeding may appear as drops or spurts during bowel movements. In severe cases, bleeding can occur even when squatting.
• Itching or irritation around the anus: caused by mucus discharge from the lining of the anal canal.
• Pain or discomfort: ranging from mild to severe, often due to anal fissures, thrombosis, or strangulated hemorrhoids.
• A lump near the anus: which may feel sore or painful, usually representing an external hemorrhoid or a thrombosed hemorrhoidal vein.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids often depend on their location:

External hemorrhoids are often the most uncomfortable because the skin overlying the hemorrhoid becomes irritated and ulcerated. If a blood clot forms inside an external hemorrhoid, sudden and severe pain may occur. Patients may feel or see a lump around the anus. Once the clot is reabsorbed, it may leave behind excess skin that can cause itching and irritation.Internal hemorrhoids usually do not cause pain, even when bleeding occurs. Patients may notice bright red blood on toilet paper or dripping into the toilet. Internal hemorrhoids are generally not visible or palpable and rarely cause discomfort. During bowel movements, stool passing through the anus can scrape the surface of the hemorrhoid and cause bleeding. Internal hemorrhoids may also prolapse outside the anus. When prolapsed, they can secrete small amounts of mucus and stool residue, leading to itching, pain, and irritation. Constant wiping to relieve itching may worsen the condition.

Complications of hemorrhoids

Symptoms of hemorrhoids often depend on their location:

• Anemia: chronic blood loss from hemorrhoids may lead to a reduced number of red blood cells, limiting the body’s ability to deliver oxygen to tissues. This condition is rare but possible in long-standing cases.
• Strangulated hemorrhoids: when a prolapsed hemorrhoid becomes trapped, the blood supply is obstructed, causing severe pain. On examination, a firm lump may be felt due to the presence of a blood clot.
• Thrombosis: occurs when a blood clot forms within the vessels of a hemorrhoid. Increased intra-abdominal pressure from straining, heavy lifting, pregnancy, or vigorous exercise can cause venous dilation and blood stasis, creating favorable conditions for clot formation. In external hemorrhoids, thrombosis appears as a small bluish lump at the anal margin, accompanied by sharp pain and tenderness. In internal hemorrhoids, thrombosis causes deep-seated pain and a sense of fullness, though symptoms are often less pronounced than in external hemorrhoids.
• Perianal dermatitis, papillary or crypt inflammation: ulceration of the skin between hemorrhoids may result in itching, burning, and pain around the anal region.

Classification of hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are generally classified into two main types: internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids.

• External hemorrhoids: when the hemorrhoidal cushions originate below the dentate line (also known as the anorectal line), they are classified as external hemorrhoids. These are covered by squamous epithelium and located beneath the skin surrounding the anus.
• Internal hemorrhoids: when the hemorrhoidal cushions originate above the dentate line, they are classified as internal hemorrhoids. These are covered by mucosa and transitional epithelium.

The grading of hemorrhoids is based on the progression of the hemorrhoidal cushions, whether they remain inside the anal canal or have prolapsed outside the anus.

• Grade I hemorrhoids: the hemorrhoidal cushions remain completely inside the anal canal.
• Grade II hemorrhoids: normally remain inside the anal canal, but during straining at bowel movements, the hemorrhoids may partially protrude. After defecation, they spontaneously retract back inside.
• Grade III hemorrhoids: prolapse outside the anal canal during bowel movements, prolonged walking, squatting, or heavy work. They only return after resting for a while or with gentle manual reduction.
• Grade IV hemorrhoids: the hemorrhoidal cushions remain almost constantly outside the anal canal.

People at risk of hemorrhoids

The following groups are at higher risk of developing hemorrhoids:

• Individuals with chronic constipation or frequent diarrhea, as repeated straining increases pressure on the veins, leading to venous dilation and blood stasis.
• Those with a low-fiber diet, which raises the likelihood of hemorrhoids.
• Persons who are overweight or obese, as excess body weight increases venous pressure.
• Those exposed to increased intra-abdominal pressure due to heavy physical labor (e.g., weightlifters, porters, tennis players) or prolonged standing and sitting (e.g., secretaries, seamstresses, sales staff), which impairs venous return to the heart and causes dilation of the anal veins.
• Individuals with pelvic tumors, such as colorectal tumors, uterine tumors, or advanced pregnancy, which obstruct venous return and lead to venous dilation.

When should medical consultation for hemorrhoids be sought?

At the first signs of hemorrhoids such as itching, burning, moisture around the anus, difficulty passing stools, or the presence of blood during bowel movements accompanied by fatigue—patients should promptly visit the gastroenterology department of a hospital or a trusted medical facility for timely examination and evaluation.

In cases of severe complications, including profuse bleeding in spurts, necrosis around the anus, or intense anal pain and irritation that interfere with daily activities, immediate hospital care is required. Patients should never attempt to continue self-treatment at home, as this may pose serious risks to their health and even be life-threatening.

Hemorrhoid examination process

The examination begins with a specialist taking a detailed medical history. Patients are required to answer all questions accurately according to their current condition, as this provides the initial basis for diagnosis and helps identify possible causes of the disease. Some of the questions may include:

• What is the nature of your occupation?
• What does your daily diet look like? Do you often consume spicy foods, processed foods, or greasy meals? Do you eat vegetables regularly? Do you drink enough water each day?
• Have you ever experienced constipation? If so, how severe and how frequent is it?
• What symptoms do you notice during bowel movements?
• Have you used any medications or treatment methods for this condition before?

After obtaining the initial information through medical history, the physician will proceed with a direct examination of the anal area to accurately assess the condition of the hemorrhoids. In addition to visual inspection, further diagnostic tests may be requested, including anoscopy or rectoscopy, to identify lesions and evaluate the internal state of the hemorrhoidal cushions.

Finally, the physician will compile the findings and provide a conclusion regarding the stage of external hemorrhoids or the grade of internal hemorrhoids, which serves as the basis for determining the most appropriate treatment plan.

Important notes before a hemorrhoid examination

• Patients are advised to maintain good personal hygiene, especially thorough cleaning of the anal area. Before the examination, stimulants and alcoholic beverages such as beer or wine should be avoided. It is also recommended to prepare and bring along any relevant medical records or documents to provide to the physician during consultation.
• To prevent abdominal discomfort and to ensure accurate test results, fasting prior to the examination is advised.

Treatment methods for hemorrhoids

Medical management of hemorrhoids

Conservative treatment is typically indicated for grade I and most grade II hemorrhoids.

• Increase dietary fiber intake: whole grains (such as barley, wheat, brown rice, millet, rye, oats), fruits, and vegetables are recommended to increase stool bulk and soften stool. Patients should also drink sufficient water (about 2 liters per day) to aid digestion and prevent constipation.
• Avoid excessive straining during bowel movements: patients should develop regular bowel habits and go to the toilet as soon as the urge arises. Withholding stool causes water reabsorption in the rectum, leading to dry, hard stools that are more difficult to pass, thereby worsening hemorrhoids.
• Avoid prolonged sitting: prolonged sitting, especially on the toilet, increases venous pressure in the anal area and exacerbates hemorrhoids. For those whose work requires sitting for long periods, regular movement is essential—not only to prevent hemorrhoids but also to protect spinal health.
• Warm sitz baths: soaking the anal area in warm water 2–3 times a day for about 10 minutes each time can relieve discomfort. Topical suppositories and venotonic agents may also be prescribed.
• Medication: oral medications, ointments, and suppositories are available on the market to relieve pain, reduce bleeding, and treat hemorrhoids and other anorectal conditions. Some commonly marketed products include Ginkor Fort, Proctolog, and Daflon. However, patients should not self-medicate without medical advice. It is important to follow the physician’s prescription and ensure the safety of any advertised products before use.

Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids

Minimally invasive procedures

• Rubber band ligation: this method is commonly applied for grade I and II internal hemorrhoids (not used for external hemorrhoids). The physician places a rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply, causing it to shrink and eventually fall off. Patients are usually informed that mild bleeding may occur between days 6 and 10 after the procedure. If pain, urinary retention, or fever develops, medical consultation is required to rule out perineal infection.
• Sclerotherapy: typically indicated for grade I and II hemorrhoids, especially in patients with immunodeficiency or bleeding disorders. The procedure involves injecting 1–2 ml of a sclerosing agent such as 5% phenol, quinine, urea hydrochloride, polidocanol, or sodium tetradecyl sulfate - beneath the mucosa of the hemorrhoidal cushion, leading to fibrosis and shrinkage of the hemorrhoid.

Surgical interventions

According to specialists, not all cases of hemorrhoids require surgical removal. Patients must first undergo thorough examination and accurate diagnosis to determine the most appropriate treatment. Hemorrhoidectomy is generally recommended for grade III or higher hemorrhoids, thrombosed hemorrhoids, excessively large hemorrhoids, or mixed hemorrhoids with large external components causing significant bleeding and pain. Currently, four common surgical techniques are widely applied:

• Laser hemorrhoidectomy: Laser hemorrhoidectomy is an outpatient procedure that uses a focused laser beam to precisely target and remove hemorrhoidal tissue without the need for a surgical scalpel. This technique allows for rapid removal of hemorrhoids, causes less pain for the patient, and facilitates faster recovery.

• Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy: this is a classical surgical technique in which each hemorrhoid is excised and sutured separately, allowing removal of the hemorrhoids without affecting the anal structure. It can be applied to most cases indicated for surgery but requires a highly skilled surgeon and modern equipment.
• Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy: in this procedure, each hemorrhoid is excised individually, leaving mucocutaneous bridges between them, which are then sutured. In circumferential hemorrhoids, accessory hemorrhoids are also removed. With a simple surgical process, short operating time, low recurrence rate (5–10% within 5 years), and relatively low cost, this method is widely chosen by patients.
• Longo procedure (stapled hemorrhoidopexy): based on the principle of repositioning hemorrhoids back to their normal anatomical location, this technique is used for circumferential hemorrhoids or grade III–IV cases. The surgeon employs a circular stapling device specifically designed to excise and staple the rectal mucosa and vessels above the dentate line (the junction between the rectum and anus that separates internal from external hemorrhoids). This reduces blood flow to the hemorrhoids, causing them to shrink. Patients benefit from less pain, faster recovery, and the absence of open wounds or anal stricture complications.

Trusted medical addresses for hemorrhoid examination and treatment

Nowadays, the widespread presence of unlicensed clinics for hemorrhoid diagnosis and treatment often causes patients to feel hesitant and delay seeking medical care. For safety and effectiveness, it is best to visit reputable medical facilities staffed by highly qualified and experienced physicians, where accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plans can be provided to prevent complications.

Hong Ngoc General Hospital brings together a team of experienced physicians and a comprehensive system of modern medical equipment, establishing itself as a trusted destination for patients seeking diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids.

Patients can be fully assured by the expertise of our Department of Surgery specialists:

• People’s Physician, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Hung – Former Director of the Center for Colorectal and Perineal Surgery, Viet Duc University Hospital. Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Xuan Hung is one of Vietnam’s leading experts in this field and currently holds several key positions, including Vice President of the Vietnam Society of Colorectal Surgery, Member of the Vietnam Association of Surgery and Endoscopic Surgery, and Member of the French Society of Coloproctology.
• Mr. Cu Trung Kien, MD, MSc – specialized in gastrointestinal surgery training in Hong Kong, formerly practiced at Bach Mai Hospital, and currently serves as Deputy Head of the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery at Hong Ngoc General Hospital – Yen Ninh.
• Specialist Level I, MD Bach Phuc Huy – with more than 15 years of experience, currently Head of the Digestive Surgery Unit at Hong Ngoc General Hospital – Phuc Truong Minh.

With extensive medical knowledge and years of professional experience, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Hung provides accurate diagnoses, recommends the most effective treatment options, and directly performs safe surgical procedures for patients.

Although hemorrhoids are a benign condition, they can lead to serious complications if not detected early and treated appropriately.

For detailed consultation, please contact:

 Hotline for appointment booking with Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Hung: 0911 908 856

Note: The information provided in this article by Hong Ngoc General Hospital is for reference only and is not a substitute for professional medical diagnosis or treatment. Patients should not self-medicate. To determine the exact condition, it is essential to visit the hospital for direct examination, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment planning by qualified physicians.

Follow Hong Ngoc General Hospital’s Fanpage to receive more useful health information and updates on our special promotions.

“Hemorrhoids are extremely common” – despite its high prevalence, many patients endure the condition in silence and hesitate to seek medical care, considering it a sensitive issue. However, delaying medical consultation may lead to misdiagnosis or disease progression, making treatment more difficult and costly. Gaining a proper understanding of hemorrhoids enables patients to seek timely and appropriate treatment. Below is detailed information about this condition.

What are hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are not merely a venous disorder. They involve an entire vascular system consisting of arterioles, venules, arteriovenous connections, smooth muscle, and connective tissue lined by the normal epithelium of the anal canal. The venous plexus located in the submucosal layer is supported by an elastic fibrous framework.

Frequent increases in pressure, such as chronic constipation, excessive straining during bowel movements, and local circulatory congestion, can cause the venous plexus to dilate and form hemorrhoidal cushions within the anal canal. In addition, as people age, the supporting connective tissue structures gradually weaken, leading to prolapse of the hemorrhoidal cushions outside the anal opening, resulting in internal prolapsed hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids can affect both men and women, most commonly between the ages of 30 and 60. Statistics show that one in two people over the age of 50 will experience hemorrhoids at least once in their lifetime.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

Signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids may include:

• Rectal bleeding: this is the most common and earliest symptom. At first, patients may notice small amounts of bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. As the disease progresses, bleeding may appear as drops or spurts during bowel movements. In severe cases, bleeding can occur even when squatting.
• Itching or irritation around the anus: caused by mucus discharge from the lining of the anal canal.
• Pain or discomfort: ranging from mild to severe, often due to anal fissures, thrombosis, or strangulated hemorrhoids.
• A lump near the anus: which may feel sore or painful, usually representing an external hemorrhoid or a thrombosed hemorrhoidal vein.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids often depend on their location:

External hemorrhoids are often the most uncomfortable because the skin overlying the hemorrhoid becomes irritated and ulcerated. If a blood clot forms inside an external hemorrhoid, sudden and severe pain may occur. Patients may feel or see a lump around the anus. Once the clot is reabsorbed, it may leave behind excess skin that can cause itching and irritation.Internal hemorrhoids usually do not cause pain, even when bleeding occurs. Patients may notice bright red blood on toilet paper or dripping into the toilet. Internal hemorrhoids are generally not visible or palpable and rarely cause discomfort. During bowel movements, stool passing through the anus can scrape the surface of the hemorrhoid and cause bleeding. Internal hemorrhoids may also prolapse outside the anus. When prolapsed, they can secrete small amounts of mucus and stool residue, leading to itching, pain, and irritation. Constant wiping to relieve itching may worsen the condition.

Complications of hemorrhoids

Symptoms of hemorrhoids often depend on their location:

• Anemia: chronic blood loss from hemorrhoids may lead to a reduced number of red blood cells, limiting the body’s ability to deliver oxygen to tissues. This condition is rare but possible in long-standing cases.
• Strangulated hemorrhoids: when a prolapsed hemorrhoid becomes trapped, the blood supply is obstructed, causing severe pain. On examination, a firm lump may be felt due to the presence of a blood clot.
• Thrombosis: occurs when a blood clot forms within the vessels of a hemorrhoid. Increased intra-abdominal pressure from straining, heavy lifting, pregnancy, or vigorous exercise can cause venous dilation and blood stasis, creating favorable conditions for clot formation. In external hemorrhoids, thrombosis appears as a small bluish lump at the anal margin, accompanied by sharp pain and tenderness. In internal hemorrhoids, thrombosis causes deep-seated pain and a sense of fullness, though symptoms are often less pronounced than in external hemorrhoids.
• Perianal dermatitis, papillary or crypt inflammation: ulceration of the skin between hemorrhoids may result in itching, burning, and pain around the anal region.

Classification of hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are generally classified into two main types: internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids.

• External hemorrhoids: when the hemorrhoidal cushions originate below the dentate line (also known as the anorectal line), they are classified as external hemorrhoids. These are covered by squamous epithelium and located beneath the skin surrounding the anus.
• Internal hemorrhoids: when the hemorrhoidal cushions originate above the dentate line, they are classified as internal hemorrhoids. These are covered by mucosa and transitional epithelium.

The grading of hemorrhoids is based on the progression of the hemorrhoidal cushions, whether they remain inside the anal canal or have prolapsed outside the anus.

• Grade I hemorrhoids: the hemorrhoidal cushions remain completely inside the anal canal.
• Grade II hemorrhoids: normally remain inside the anal canal, but during straining at bowel movements, the hemorrhoids may partially protrude. After defecation, they spontaneously retract back inside.
• Grade III hemorrhoids: prolapse outside the anal canal during bowel movements, prolonged walking, squatting, or heavy work. They only return after resting for a while or with gentle manual reduction.
• Grade IV hemorrhoids: the hemorrhoidal cushions remain almost constantly outside the anal canal.

People at risk of hemorrhoids

The following groups are at higher risk of developing hemorrhoids:

• Individuals with chronic constipation or frequent diarrhea, as repeated straining increases pressure on the veins, leading to venous dilation and blood stasis.
• Those with a low-fiber diet, which raises the likelihood of hemorrhoids.
• Persons who are overweight or obese, as excess body weight increases venous pressure.
• Those exposed to increased intra-abdominal pressure due to heavy physical labor (e.g., weightlifters, porters, tennis players) or prolonged standing and sitting (e.g., secretaries, seamstresses, sales staff), which impairs venous return to the heart and causes dilation of the anal veins.
• Individuals with pelvic tumors, such as colorectal tumors, uterine tumors, or advanced pregnancy, which obstruct venous return and lead to venous dilation.

When should medical consultation for hemorrhoids be sought?

At the first signs of hemorrhoids such as itching, burning, moisture around the anus, difficulty passing stools, or the presence of blood during bowel movements accompanied by fatigue—patients should promptly visit the gastroenterology department of a hospital or a trusted medical facility for timely examination and evaluation.

In cases of severe complications, including profuse bleeding in spurts, necrosis around the anus, or intense anal pain and irritation that interfere with daily activities, immediate hospital care is required. Patients should never attempt to continue self-treatment at home, as this may pose serious risks to their health and even be life-threatening.

Hemorrhoid examination process

The examination begins with a specialist taking a detailed medical history. Patients are required to answer all questions accurately according to their current condition, as this provides the initial basis for diagnosis and helps identify possible causes of the disease. Some of the questions may include:

• What is the nature of your occupation?
• What does your daily diet look like? Do you often consume spicy foods, processed foods, or greasy meals? Do you eat vegetables regularly? Do you drink enough water each day?
• Have you ever experienced constipation? If so, how severe and how frequent is it?
• What symptoms do you notice during bowel movements?
• Have you used any medications or treatment methods for this condition before?

After obtaining the initial information through medical history, the physician will proceed with a direct examination of the anal area to accurately assess the condition of the hemorrhoids. In addition to visual inspection, further diagnostic tests may be requested, including anoscopy or rectoscopy, to identify lesions and evaluate the internal state of the hemorrhoidal cushions.

Finally, the physician will compile the findings and provide a conclusion regarding the stage of external hemorrhoids or the grade of internal hemorrhoids, which serves as the basis for determining the most appropriate treatment plan.

Important notes before a hemorrhoid examination

• Patients are advised to maintain good personal hygiene, especially thorough cleaning of the anal area. Before the examination, stimulants and alcoholic beverages such as beer or wine should be avoided. It is also recommended to prepare and bring along any relevant medical records or documents to provide to the physician during consultation.
• To prevent abdominal discomfort and to ensure accurate test results, fasting prior to the examination is advised.

Treatment methods for hemorrhoids

Medical management of hemorrhoids

Conservative treatment is typically indicated for grade I and most grade II hemorrhoids.

• Increase dietary fiber intake: whole grains (such as barley, wheat, brown rice, millet, rye, oats), fruits, and vegetables are recommended to increase stool bulk and soften stool. Patients should also drink sufficient water (about 2 liters per day) to aid digestion and prevent constipation.
• Avoid excessive straining during bowel movements: patients should develop regular bowel habits and go to the toilet as soon as the urge arises. Withholding stool causes water reabsorption in the rectum, leading to dry, hard stools that are more difficult to pass, thereby worsening hemorrhoids.
• Avoid prolonged sitting: prolonged sitting, especially on the toilet, increases venous pressure in the anal area and exacerbates hemorrhoids. For those whose work requires sitting for long periods, regular movement is essential—not only to prevent hemorrhoids but also to protect spinal health.
• Warm sitz baths: soaking the anal area in warm water 2–3 times a day for about 10 minutes each time can relieve discomfort. Topical suppositories and venotonic agents may also be prescribed.
• Medication: oral medications, ointments, and suppositories are available on the market to relieve pain, reduce bleeding, and treat hemorrhoids and other anorectal conditions. Some commonly marketed products include Ginkor Fort, Proctolog, and Daflon. However, patients should not self-medicate without medical advice. It is important to follow the physician’s prescription and ensure the safety of any advertised products before use.

Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids

Minimally invasive procedures

• Rubber band ligation: this method is commonly applied for grade I and II internal hemorrhoids (not used for external hemorrhoids). The physician places a rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply, causing it to shrink and eventually fall off. Patients are usually informed that mild bleeding may occur between days 6 and 10 after the procedure. If pain, urinary retention, or fever develops, medical consultation is required to rule out perineal infection.
• Sclerotherapy: typically indicated for grade I and II hemorrhoids, especially in patients with immunodeficiency or bleeding disorders. The procedure involves injecting 1–2 ml of a sclerosing agent such as 5% phenol, quinine, urea hydrochloride, polidocanol, or sodium tetradecyl sulfate - beneath the mucosa of the hemorrhoidal cushion, leading to fibrosis and shrinkage of the hemorrhoid.

Surgical interventions

According to specialists, not all cases of hemorrhoids require surgical removal. Patients must first undergo thorough examination and accurate diagnosis to determine the most appropriate treatment. Hemorrhoidectomy is generally recommended for grade III or higher hemorrhoids, thrombosed hemorrhoids, excessively large hemorrhoids, or mixed hemorrhoids with large external components causing significant bleeding and pain. Currently, four common surgical techniques are widely applied:

• Laser hemorrhoidectomy: Laser hemorrhoidectomy is an outpatient procedure that uses a focused laser beam to precisely target and remove hemorrhoidal tissue without the need for a surgical scalpel. This technique allows for rapid removal of hemorrhoids, causes less pain for the patient, and facilitates faster recovery.

• Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy: this is a classical surgical technique in which each hemorrhoid is excised and sutured separately, allowing removal of the hemorrhoids without affecting the anal structure. It can be applied to most cases indicated for surgery but requires a highly skilled surgeon and modern equipment.
• Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy: in this procedure, each hemorrhoid is excised individually, leaving mucocutaneous bridges between them, which are then sutured. In circumferential hemorrhoids, accessory hemorrhoids are also removed. With a simple surgical process, short operating time, low recurrence rate (5–10% within 5 years), and relatively low cost, this method is widely chosen by patients.
• Longo procedure (stapled hemorrhoidopexy): based on the principle of repositioning hemorrhoids back to their normal anatomical location, this technique is used for circumferential hemorrhoids or grade III–IV cases. The surgeon employs a circular stapling device specifically designed to excise and staple the rectal mucosa and vessels above the dentate line (the junction between the rectum and anus that separates internal from external hemorrhoids). This reduces blood flow to the hemorrhoids, causing them to shrink. Patients benefit from less pain, faster recovery, and the absence of open wounds or anal stricture complications.

Trusted medical addresses for hemorrhoid examination and treatment

Nowadays, the widespread presence of unlicensed clinics for hemorrhoid diagnosis and treatment often causes patients to feel hesitant and delay seeking medical care. For safety and effectiveness, it is best to visit reputable medical facilities staffed by highly qualified and experienced physicians, where accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plans can be provided to prevent complications.

Hong Ngoc General Hospital brings together a team of experienced physicians and a comprehensive system of modern medical equipment, establishing itself as a trusted destination for patients seeking diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids.

Patients can be fully assured by the expertise of our Department of Surgery specialists:

• People’s Physician, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Hung – Former Director of the Center for Colorectal and Perineal Surgery, Viet Duc University Hospital. Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Xuan Hung is one of Vietnam’s leading experts in this field and currently holds several key positions, including Vice President of the Vietnam Society of Colorectal Surgery, Member of the Vietnam Association of Surgery and Endoscopic Surgery, and Member of the French Society of Coloproctology.
• Mr. Cu Trung Kien, MD, MSc – specialized in gastrointestinal surgery training in Hong Kong, formerly practiced at Bach Mai Hospital, and currently serves as Deputy Head of the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery at Hong Ngoc General Hospital – Yen Ninh.
• Specialist Level I, MD Bach Phuc Huy – with more than 15 years of experience, currently Head of the Digestive Surgery Unit at Hong Ngoc General Hospital – Phuc Truong Minh.

With extensive medical knowledge and years of professional experience, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Hung provides accurate diagnoses, recommends the most effective treatment options, and directly performs safe surgical procedures for patients.

Although hemorrhoids are a benign condition, they can lead to serious complications if not detected early and treated appropriately.

For detailed consultation, please contact:

 Hotline for appointment booking with Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Hung: 0911 908 856

Note: The information provided in this article by Hong Ngoc General Hospital is for reference only and is not a substitute for professional medical diagnosis or treatment. Patients should not self-medicate. To determine the exact condition, it is essential to visit the hospital for direct examination, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment planning by qualified physicians.

Follow Hong Ngoc General Hospital’s Fanpage to receive more useful health information and updates on our special promotions.